英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試對(duì)于大學(xué)新生來(lái)說(shuō)是比較重要的考試，所以英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題一定要多加練習(xí)，社科賽斯考研網(wǎng)小編為同學(xué)們整理了2015年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案（第一套）。
SectionA：
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C,and D.and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer .Sheet I with a single line through the center.
1.A.They admire the courage of space explorers.
B.They were going to watch a wonderful movie.
C.They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.
D.They like doing scientific exploration very much.
2.A.In a school library.
B.At a gift shop.
C.In the office of a travel agency.
D.At a graduation ceremony.
3.A.He used to work in the art gallery.
B.He does not have a good memory.
C.He is not interested in any part-time jobs.
D.He declined a job offer from the art gallery.
4.A.He will be unable to attend the birthday party.
B.The woman should have informed him earlier.
C.He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.
D.Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.
5.A.Set a deadline for the staff to meet.
B.Assign more workers to the project.
C.Reward those having made good progress.
D.Encourage the staff to work in small groups.
6.A.Where she can leave her car.
B.The rate for parking in Lot C.
C.How far away the parking lot is.
D.The way to the visitor's parking.
7.A.He regrets missing the classes.
B.He has benefited from exercise.
C.He plans to take the fitness classes.
D.He is looking forward to a better life.
8.A.How to select secretaries.
B.How to raise work efficiency.
C.The responsibilities of secretaries.
D.The secretaries in the man's company.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A.It is used by more people than English.
B.It is more difficult to learn than English.
C.It will be as commonly used as English.
D.It will eventually become a world language.
10.A.Its popularity with the common people.
B.The effect of the Industrial Revolution.
C.The influence of the British Empire.
D.Its loan words from many languages.
11.A.It has a growing number of newly coined words.
B.It includes a lot of words from other languages.
C.It is the largest among all languages in the world.
D.It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A.To place an order.
B.To apply for a job.
C.To return some goods.
D.To make a complaint.
13.A.He works on a part-time basis for the company.
B.He has not worked in the sales department for long.
C.He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.
D.He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.
14.A.It is not his responsibility.
B.It will be free for large orders.
C.It depends on a number of factors.
D.It costs￡15 more for express delivery.
15.A.Make inquiries with some other companies.
B.Report the information to her superior.
C.Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.
D.Ring back when she comes to a decision.
Section B
Directions，In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C.and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the center.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A.No one knows for sure when they came into being.
B.No one knows exactly where they were first made.
C.No one knows for what purpose they were invented.
D.No one knows what they will look like in the future.
17.A.Measure the speed of wind.
B.Give warnings of danger.
C.Pass on secret messages.
D.Carry ropes across rivers.
18.A.To find out the strength of silk for kites.
B.To test the effects of the lightning rod.
C.To prove that lightning is electricity.
D.To protect houses against lightning.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A.She was born with a talent for languages.
B.She was tainted to be an interpreter.
C.She can speak several languages.
D.She enjoys teaching languages.
20.A.They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.
B.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.
C.They acquire an immunity to culture shock.
D.They would like to live abroad permanently.
21.A.She became an expert in horse racing.
B.She learned to appreciate classical music.
C.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.
D.She got a chance to visit several European countries.
22.A.Take part in a cooking competition.
B.Taste the beef and give her comment.
C.Teach vocabulary for food in English.
D.Give cooking lessons on Western food.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23.A.He had only a third-grade education.
B.He once threatened to kill his teacher.
C.He often helped his mother do housework.
D.He grew up in a poor single-parent family.
24.A.Stupid.
B.Active.
C.Brave.
D.Careless.
25.A.Watch educational TV programs only.
B.Write two book reports a week.
C.Help with housework.
D.Keep a diary.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.
When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other（26） bodies out therebesides the moon and stars.One of the most（27） of these is a comet (彗星).
Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed.They are（28） ice and otherfrozen liquids and gases.（29）these "dirty snowballs" begin to orbit the sun, just as the planets do.
As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze.They（30）dust particlesfrom the comet to form a huge cloud.As the comet gets even nearer to the sun, a solar wind blows thecloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail.The tall and the（31）fuzzy (模糊的) atmospherearound a comet are（32）that can help identify this（33）in the night sky.
In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits.The averageperson can't see them all, of course.Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seenwith the（34 ）eye.Comet Hale-Bopp, discovered in 1995, was an unusually bright comet.Its orbitbrought it（35）close to the Earth, within 122 million miles of it.But Hale-Bopp came a long way onits earthly visit.It won't be back for another four thousand years or so.
Section A
Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases orincreases in an information-based society.However, they generally agree with the idea that inequalityin the information society is（36）different from that of an industrial society.As informationprogresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.
It seems that the information society（37）the quantity of information available to the membersof a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information.But such a view is a38 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media.Adifferent（39） is possible when the actual amount of information（40）by the user is taken intoaccount.In fact, the more information（41） throughout the entire society, the wider the gapbecomes between "information haves" and "information have-mots", leading to digital divide.
According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major（42）class, sex, andgeneration.In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between theupper and middle classes and the lower class.With（43 ）to sex, digital divide exists between menand women.The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, （44）with personalcomputers and the Internet, and the older generation, （45） to an industrial society.
A.accustomed
B.acquired
C.assembly
D.attribute
E.champions
F.elements
G.expands
H.familiar
I.flows
J.fundamentally
K.interpretation
L.passive
M.regard
N.respectively
O.superficial
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.
Joy: A Subject Schools Lack Becoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.
A.When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted itwould solve three problems at once : feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severedepression, and stimulate the restaurant business.Even as a satire (諷刺), it seems disgusting andshocking in America with its child-centered culture.But actually, the country is closer to hisproposal than you might think.
B.If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words :"standards,""results,""skills,""self-control,""accountability," and so on.I have visited someof the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.
C.A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when peoplethink about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makeschildhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.
D.I'm a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist.So I've watched a lot ofchildren-talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young.Here's what I've come tounderstand.The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack ofskills.It's their enormous capacity for joy.Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding outwhat he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of puttingtogether strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbedin a fascinating comic strip.A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and deriveintense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying toreturn to.
E.A friend told me the following story.One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccerpractice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The coach had criticized himfor not focusing on his soccer drills.The little boy walked out of the school with his head andshoulders hanging down.He seemed wrapped in sadness.But just before he reached the car door,he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.His face wentdown lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out, "Dad.Come here.This is thestrangest bug I've ever seen.It has, like, a million legs.Look at this.It's amazing." He looked upat his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight."Can't we stay here for just aminute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs.This is the coolest ever."
F.The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct ofyouth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance(堅(jiān)持不懈), obligation, and practicality.Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intenseabsorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking.Human lives are governed bythe desire to experience joy.Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead tofinding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conductingexperiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringingtogether nonsense words, for example.In some cases, schools should help children find new,more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, makingfriends, making decisions:
G. Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard.It wouldjust require a shift in the education world's mindset (思維模式).Instead of trying to get children towork hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, likemaking things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.
H. Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in anation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, thinkagain.The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving anyeducational success.
I.Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured bytheir administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.Theassumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead,they should learn to delay gratification (快樂(lè)) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.
J.Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally.Decadesof research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need towant to learn.You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practicedivision.But you can't force the child to think carefully, enjoy books, digest complex information,or develop a taste for learning.To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure inlearning-to see school as a source of joy.
K.Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good foryou.Why not instead think of learning as if it were food--something so valuable to humans thatthey have evolved to experience it as a pleasure ?
L.Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.The more difficult achild's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom."Pleasure" is not a dirty word.And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education.It is, infact, the precondition.
46.It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.
47.What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they aredoing.
48.Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.
49.It is human nature to seek joy in life.
50.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.
51.Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.
52.Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.
53.Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.
54.In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.
55.To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C.andD .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
When it's five o'clock, people leave their office.The length of the workday, for many workers, isdefined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they're done.
These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones andcomputers.That may be a bad thing, particularly at work.New research shows that clock-based workschedules hinder morale (士氣) and creativity.
Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example: a meeting from9 a.m.to 10 a.m.research from 10 a.m.to noon, etc.On the other hand, task-timers have a list ofthings they want to accomplish.They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task iscompleted.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.
What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us moreproductive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet andAnne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities-from project planning, holidayshopping, to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "tasktinge." They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control overtheir lives.Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive.They tend to enjoy themoment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.
The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported inbusiness culture.Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into theirstrategies.
This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers arguethat it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time.Whilemost people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing shouldbe used when performing a job that requires more creativity.It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.
56.What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?
A.It makes everybody time-conscious.
B.It is a convenience for work and life.
C.It may have a negative effect on creative work.
D.It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.
57.How do people usually go about their work according to the author?
A.They combine clock-based and task-based planning.
B.They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.
C.They set a time limit for each specific task.
D.They accomplish their tasks one by one.
58.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?
A.They seize opportunities as they come up.
B.They always get their work done in time.
C.They have more control-over their lives.
D.They tend to be more productive.
59.What do the researchers say about today's business culture?
A.It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.
B.It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.
C.It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.
D.It alms to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.
60.What do the researchers suggest?
A.Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.
B.It is important to keep a balance between work and life.
C.Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.
D.A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004.As she neared the end of herprison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was "paying her dues," and that "there issimply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."
Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich andpowerful.Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on ashockingly large number of Americans.who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.
At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record.This can result in severepenalties that continue long after punishment is completed.
Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person'sindividual circumstances.Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professionaland business licensing.They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.
In all, more than 45.000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fullyparticipating in American life.
Some laws make sense.No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia (戀童癖) workin a school.But too often collateral (隨附的) consequences bear no relation to public safety.Should awoman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as anurse?
These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal recordsto find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.
A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-convictionpenalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety.Where the penalties are not amust, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.
The point is not to excuse or forget the crime.Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vastcriminal justice system, second chances are crucial.It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment ofthe population on the margins of society.
61.What does the well-known columnist's remark about Martha Stewart suggest?
A.Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.
B.Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.
C.Her release from prison has drawn little attention.
D.Her prison sentence might have been extended.
62.What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?
A.They backslide after serving their terms in prison.
B.They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.
C.They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.
D.They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.
63.What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?
A.They remain poor for the rest of their lives.
B.They are deprived of all social benefits.
C.They are marginalized in society.
D.They are deserted by their family.
64.What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?
A.They help to maintain social stability.
B.Some of them have long been outdated.
C.They are hardly understood by the public.
D.A lot of them have negative effects on society.
65.what is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A.To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.
B.To appeal for changes in America's criminal justice system.
C.To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.
D.To call people's attention to prisoners' conditions in America.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should, write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中國(guó)父母往往過(guò)于關(guān)注孩子的學(xué)習(xí)，以至于不要他們幫忙做家務(wù)，他們對(duì)孩子的首要要求就是努力學(xué)習(xí)，考得好，能上名牌大學(xué).他們相信這是為孩子好，因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)這樣競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì)里，只有成績(jī)好才能保證前途光明.中國(guó)父母還認(rèn)為，如果孩子能在社會(huì)上取得大的成就，父母就會(huì)受到尊敬.因此，他們?cè)敢鉅奚约旱臅r(shí)間、愛(ài)好和興趣，為孩子提供更好的條件.
參考答案解析
1.C.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)均為they．且選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞多表達(dá)情感．通過(guò)選項(xiàng)中的space explorers，movie，space exploration等間可以判斷．本題意在考查說(shuō)話者對(duì)太空探險(xiǎn)或電影的評(píng)價(jià).
男士詢問(wèn)女士是否還記得他們上個(gè)月看的那部關(guān)于太空探險(xiǎn)的精彩電影，女士表示這是她看過(guò)的關(guān)于太空探險(xiǎn)題材的印象最深的一部電影.通過(guò)對(duì)話中的wonderful film和the most impressiveone等關(guān)鍵詞可知，他們非常喜歡男士所提及的那部關(guān)于太空探險(xiǎn)的電影．故答案為C.
2.B.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了school library．gift shop．travel agency和graduation ceremony等表示地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)合的詞匯，可以推測(cè)對(duì)話旨在考查事件發(fā)生的地點(diǎn).
女士詢問(wèn)男士是否在找什么特別之物．男士說(shuō)他兒子即將高中畢業(yè)．他想送給孩子一件有意義的東西.由此可知，對(duì)話可能發(fā)生在禮品店.男士準(zhǔn)備買件特別的禮物送給兒子，故答案為B.
3.D.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均以he開(kāi)頭，且出現(xiàn)了work，part．joblessness，ajob offer等詞，由此可以推測(cè)本題考查的內(nèi)容與男士的工作有關(guān).
男士說(shuō)麥克告訴他在美術(shù)館找工作的事無(wú)果而終．女士表示懷疑，因?yàn)樗?tīng)說(shuō)麥克曾有機(jī)會(huì)在那里工作，但是被他拒絕了.由此呵知．麥克放棄了在美術(shù)館的工作，并非是無(wú)果而終，declined一詞是原文turneddown的同義轉(zhuǎn)換．故答案為D..
4.A.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中兩次出現(xiàn)birthday party，町以推測(cè)對(duì)話與生日派對(duì)有關(guān).各選項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)為he，the woman，Susan，聽(tīng)音時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意主語(yǔ)與birthday party的關(guān)系.
女士詢問(wèn)男士明天晚上能否參加蘇珊的生日派對(duì)，男士說(shuō)自己明天有個(gè)講座，因此無(wú)法分身，也就是無(wú)法參加蘇珊的生日派對(duì)，故答案為A..
5.A.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，且出現(xiàn)了deadline，staff，workers，project，work等與工作相關(guān)的詞匯，故而推測(cè)本題考查的內(nèi)容與員工或工作有關(guān).
女士詢問(wèn)男士對(duì)員工的工作進(jìn)度慢是否感到不滿，男士表示贊同，并打算給員工設(shè)定期限并讓他們遵守，故答案為A..
6.D.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了car，parking，lot等詞，由此可知，本題考查的內(nèi)容與停車場(chǎng)有關(guān).
女士問(wèn)男士訪客停車場(chǎng)在哪里，她的車停那里了，男士說(shuō)就在那邊的C區(qū)停車場(chǎng).由此可推斷，女士想知道如何去訪客停車場(chǎng)，故答案為D.
7.B.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均以he作主語(yǔ)，且出現(xiàn)了classes，exercise，fitness classes等詞，可以推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容與男士的健身有關(guān).
女士夸贊男士自從上健身課以來(lái)氣色不錯(cuò)，男士說(shuō)他從未感覺(jué)像現(xiàn)在這樣好.由此可以推測(cè)，男士認(rèn)為自己在健身活動(dòng)中獲益匪淺，故答案為B..
8.D.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了secretaries，work efficiency，responsibilities，company等詞，由此可以判斷本題內(nèi)容與公司秘書(shū)的工作有關(guān)，可能會(huì)探討如何選秘書(shū)、如何提高工作效率、秘書(shū)的職責(zé)等問(wèn)題.
女士對(duì)男士秘書(shū)的工作效率大加贊賞，男士說(shuō)他們公司只選擇最棒的人當(dāng)秘書(shū)，他們的工作量大、責(zé)任重.由此可知，對(duì)話雙方在評(píng)價(jià)男士公司的秘書(shū)，因此答案為D.
9.What does the man say about Chinese?
A.女士詢問(wèn)男士為什么說(shuō)英語(yǔ)會(huì)成為世界語(yǔ)言，男士說(shuō)原因之一是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)應(yīng)用廣泛，使用人數(shù)僅次于漢語(yǔ)，也就是說(shuō)使用漢語(yǔ)的人數(shù)比使用英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)多，故答案為A..
10.What made English a widely used language?
C.女士詢問(wèn)男士英語(yǔ)使用者如此之多的原因，男士說(shuō)大英帝國(guó)和美國(guó)的影響是主要原因，故C.“大英帝國(guó)的影響”是原因之一，為本題答案.
11.What is said to be special about English vocabulary?
B.對(duì)話中女士說(shuō)許多學(xué)生認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)難學(xué)，男士表示贊同，但同時(shí)認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)有兩大優(yōu)勢(shì)，其一就是詞匯的國(guó)際化，英語(yǔ)中含有德語(yǔ)、荷蘭語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)等多國(guó)語(yǔ)言的詞匯.由此可知，英語(yǔ)詞匯的特點(diǎn)是國(guó)際化，它包含了許多其他語(yǔ)言的詞匯，故答案為B.
12．What is the womem’s purpose in making the phone call?
A.對(duì)話中女士打銷售部的電話，其目的是想為她們的工作室添置家具.由此推斷，女士打電話是為了訂貨，故答案為A..
13．What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
C.女士詢問(wèn)畫(huà)板報(bào)價(jià)是否包括增值稅，男士表示不太肯定；女士又問(wèn)及畫(huà)板的材質(zhì)．男士也不清楚.由此可推測(cè)，男士并不十分了解他們的貨物．故答案為C..
14.What does the mall say about delivery?
C.女士詢問(wèn)了畫(huà)板的價(jià)格和材質(zhì)后，又詢問(wèn)了貨物運(yùn)送的情況，男士說(shuō)這得看他們的工作情況和訂單的數(shù)量等.由此可推測(cè)，貨物的運(yùn)送是由多種因素決定的，故答案為C.
15．What does the woman say she will possibly do tomorrow?
D.女士說(shuō)除了畫(huà)板之外，她們還需要畫(huà)筆、油墨、尺子和畫(huà)紙等材料，但被告知負(fù)責(zé)相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)的
人員不在，因此女士打算明天再打電話咨詢相關(guān)事宜.由此可知，女士計(jì)劃做完決定后再打電話聯(lián)系，故答案為D.
16．What does the speaker say about kites?
A.短文開(kāi)篇便提到“沒(méi)有人知道風(fēng)箏問(wèn)世多久了”，后面接著說(shuō)道，數(shù)百年前人們就開(kāi)始使用風(fēng)箏，2，500多年前風(fēng)箏在中國(guó)非常出名.由此可知，人們不確定的是風(fēng)箏是何時(shí)問(wèn)世的，因此A.為答案.
17．What did ancient Chinese use kites to do?
D.文章提到風(fēng)箏的幾種用途，比如在古代中國(guó)，風(fēng)箏用于將繩索穿過(guò)小河從而懸起木橋，此外風(fēng)箏還用于戰(zhàn)斗中，因此D.為答案.
18．Why did Benjamin Franklin fly a kite in the storm?
C.短文中提到富蘭克林也曾經(jīng)放過(guò)風(fēng)箏，他放風(fēng)箏的目的是證實(shí)雷電也是電，因此C.為答案.
19．What does the speaker say about herself?
C.短文開(kāi)頭部分提到她學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)幾種外語(yǔ)，但不像那些專業(yè)翻譯人員那樣熟練.由此可以推測(cè)，她會(huì)講幾種外語(yǔ)，故答案為C.
20．What does the speaker say about many people who have lived overseas for a while?
B.短文中提到，像其他很多曾經(jīng)在國(guó)外待過(guò)一段時(shí)間的人一樣，她非常喜歡跨文化交際，甚至難以想象沒(méi)有跨文化交際的職業(yè)和社交生活是什么樣子的，因此答案為B..
21．How did the speaker’s experience of living in Vienna benefit her?
C.說(shuō)話者提到，因?yàn)樗煜ね庹Z(yǔ)，她獲得了一些難得的機(jī)會(huì).她舉例說(shuō)，從維也納回來(lái)之后，她被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)趭W運(yùn)會(huì)馬術(shù)比賽中為德國(guó)裁判做翻譯，因此答案為C.
22．What Was the speaker asked to do in the Japanese studio?
B.說(shuō)話者最后提到自己在日本的經(jīng)歷，她在美食節(jié)目錄制現(xiàn)場(chǎng)當(dāng)觀眾，被邀請(qǐng)到臺(tái)上品嘗牛肉并做出評(píng)價(jià)，她對(duì)這段經(jīng)歷興奮不已，因此答案為B.
23．What do we learn about Ben Carson?
D.短文開(kāi)頭就提到本·卡森的基本情況，他成長(zhǎng)在一個(gè)貧困的單親家庭，因此答案為D..
24．What did Ben Carson’s classmates and teachers think of him when he Was first at school?
A.短文提到，本·卡森的母親只上到三年級(jí)，做著兩份清洗廁所的工作.同學(xué)和老師都覺(jué)得本·卡森是班里最笨的孩子，因此答案為A..
25.What did Ben Carson's mother tell him to do when he was a school boy?
B.短文提到，本·卡森脾氣不好，有一次還威脅說(shuō)要?dú)⑺懒硪粋€(gè)同學(xué)，母親認(rèn)為必須制定規(guī)矩對(duì)他嚴(yán)加管教才行.這些規(guī)矩包括：每周只看兩次電視節(jié)目，完成作業(yè)后才能和朋友玩耍，一周讀兩本書(shū)并寫(xiě)出讀書(shū)報(bào)告，因此答案為B.
26.heavenly.此處應(yīng)該填人形容詞修飾名詞bodies.空格處與下文的the moon and stars和comet形成對(duì)照.heavenly意為“天空的”，heavenly body意為“天體”.
27.fascinating.此處應(yīng)該填入形容詞, 與前面的most構(gòu)成最高級(jí).fascinating意為"迷人的,吸引人的”.
28.made up of.此處應(yīng)填入過(guò)去分詞或短語(yǔ)與空格前的are一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).be made up of意為“由……組成”.
29.Now and then.此處應(yīng)填入狀語(yǔ)成分.now and then意為“偶爾，有時(shí)”.
30.combine with.此處應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ).combine with意為“與……結(jié)合”.
31.generally.此處應(yīng)填入副詞，修飾形容詞fuzzy.generally意為“通常”.
32.characteristics.此處應(yīng)該填入名詞，作that can help identify…這一定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞.characteristics意為“特征”.
33.phenomenon.此處應(yīng)該填入名詞，作動(dòng)詞identify的賓語(yǔ).phenomenon意為“現(xiàn)象”.
34.naked.此處應(yīng)該填入形容詞，修飾eye.naked意為“裸的”，naked eye是常用搭配，意為“肉眼”.
35.relatively.此處應(yīng)該填入副詞，修飾形容詞close.relatively意為“相對(duì)地”.
36.J.fundamentally副詞辨析題.空格前面是be動(dòng)詞，后面為形容詞different，因此空格處需要填入副詞形式，以修飾其后的形容詞.前一句提到，信息社會(huì)的學(xué)者們?cè)谝孕畔榛A(chǔ)的社會(huì)環(huán)境下社會(huì)不公現(xiàn)象是增強(qiáng)還是減弱這一話題上存在分歧，但是他們還是普遍認(rèn)為信息社會(huì)中的不公平區(qū)別于工業(yè)社會(huì)的不公平.因此，空格處需要填人一個(gè)表示“根本上，本質(zhì)上”的副詞，修飾different.由此確定副詞fundamentally為本題答案，意思為“根本上，基本上”.備選詞中只有兩個(gè)副詞，而respectively意思為“各自地，依次地”，與此處意思不符，可以排除.
37.G. expands動(dòng)詞辨析題.空格前面為名詞短語(yǔ)the information society，通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處與前面的名詞短語(yǔ)the information society為主謂關(guān)系，因此空格處需要填人動(dòng)閱的第三人稱單數(shù)形式.文章第一段提到．信息社會(huì)中的不公平發(fā)生了變化，本句承接上段指出原因：表面上看.信息社會(huì)似乎通過(guò)變革使用信息和交換信息的方式擴(kuò)大了社會(huì)成員所能接觸到的信息量，因此空格處動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該有“擴(kuò)大”或“增加”的意思.另外，空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該能夠和后面的介詞to進(jìn)行搭配一備選動(dòng)詞中符合以上蹲點(diǎn)要求的只有expands，expands…to…意思為“擴(kuò)大到……”，由此確定答案.此外，空格處需要填入動(dòng)詞第1人稱單數(shù)形式，因此可以排除分詞形式的accustomed與acquired和動(dòng)詞原形attribute與regard；而flows無(wú)法與the quantity of information搭配，而且不符合句意，可以排除.
38.O. superficial形容詞辨析題.空格前面是不定冠詞a，后面是名詞analysis，因此需要填入形容詞來(lái)進(jìn)行修飾.上一句用it seems that…句型指出信息社會(huì)存在的假象，本句中連問(wèn)but進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，指出這種觀點(diǎn)只是一種基于各種大眾傳媒所提供的信息量的表面的分析，因此填人superficial“表面的，膚淺的”符合句意.這樣也就能與前句在語(yǔ)義上構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折.備選形容詞中，accustomed，familiar和passive不符合句意，可以排除.
39.K. interpretation名詞辨析題.空格前為不定冠詞a和形容詞different．因此應(yīng)該填入名詞單
數(shù)形式.根據(jù)句意，interpretation“闡述，說(shuō)明”符合要求，故為答案.assembly“集會(huì)，集合”不符合句意，故排除；champions和elements均是復(fù)數(shù)形式，均可以排除；regard不符合句意，故排除.
40.B.acquired動(dòng)詞辨析題.空格前面為名詞information，后面為介詞by，由此可知空格處應(yīng)填
入動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式.動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式有兩個(gè)：accustomed和acquired，其中accustomed常與to搭配，而本句中沒(méi)有，所以排除；acquired“獲取，獲得”與前面的amount of information及后面的by the user構(gòu)成搭配，由此可以確定答案為acquired.備選動(dòng)詞中，attribute，expands，flows和regard都不是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式，可以排除.
41.I. flows動(dòng)詞辨析題.通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知．該句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞．與后面句子構(gòu)成the more…the more…的句式，主語(yǔ)是the more information，其后并無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入不及物動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式.本句意思為：整個(gè)社會(huì)中流動(dòng)的信息量越多，那些能夠接觸到信息和不能夠接觸到信息的兩類人群之間的差距就越大，flows“流動(dòng)，傳播”符合句意，故為答案.備選項(xiàng)中的accustomed.acquired.attribute和regard不是動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式，可以排除；expands不符合句意．也可以排除．
42.F. elements名詞辨析題.空格前面為數(shù)詞three和形容詞major．所以需要填入可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式.通過(guò)上下文可知，本句大意是數(shù)位落差主要由三個(gè)方面(因素)引起：階級(jí)、性別和代別.所以elements“元素，因素”符合句意.assembly，interpretation和regard是單數(shù)形式，不符合要求，可以排除；champions“冠軍”不符合旬意，也可以排除.
43.M. regard固定搭配題.空格前面為介詞with，后面為介詞to，因此空格處需要填入一個(gè)名詞．構(gòu)成固定搭配.with regard to意為“就……而言”．故regard為本題答案.
44．H)familiar.形容詞辨析題. 44 with personal computers and the Internet修飾the Net—generation“網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代”，根據(jù)前后句意可知，此處指熟悉電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一代，因此空格處的形容詞應(yīng)該是familiar“熟悉的”，構(gòu)成be familiar with結(jié)構(gòu)，故familiar為本題答案.空格處以及其后的內(nèi)容修飾前面的the Net-generation，空格處可以是形容詞，也可以是分詞，但符合上下文語(yǔ)義的只有familiar.
45.A.accustomed形容詞辨析題.空格后面為介詞to，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知．率格處需要填入形容詞或分詞，修飾前面的the older generation.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句將the Net-generation-q the oldergeneration進(jìn)行對(duì)比，由此可知，the older generation“老一輩”習(xí)慣于工業(yè)社會(huì).be accustomed to“適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣”符合句意，故accustomed為本題答案.備選形容詞中，familiar，passive和superficial均不符合句意，均可以排除.
46-50GDAFK
51-55HCIBJ
56.C.由題干中的time displayed everywhere定位到第二段：These days，the time is everywhere…
That may be a bad thing...New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale(士氣)and creativity．
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題.文章第二段第一句指出，如今，隨處都能看到時(shí)間，第二句表明觀點(diǎn)：這或許是一件壞事情，尤其是對(duì)于工作而言.第三句進(jìn)一步指出，以時(shí)間為基礎(chǔ)的工作安排會(huì)阻礙員工的士氣和創(chuàng)造力.由此可知，到處都能看到時(shí)間對(duì)于需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造力的工作有負(fù)面影響，故答案為C.
A.“它讓每個(gè)人都有時(shí)間意識(shí)”，文章第三段指出，時(shí)間計(jì)時(shí)者以分鐘和小時(shí)為模塊來(lái)規(guī)劃他們一天的工作.但是還有另一類人，即任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)者，所以并不是所有的人都有時(shí)間觀念，可以排除；B.“它對(duì)生活和工作來(lái)說(shuō)非常便利”和D.“它清楚地表明現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏”，文中沒(méi)有提及，均可排除.
57．A.由題干中的go about their work定位到第三段最后一句：It is said that all of us employ a mixof both these types of planning.
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.文章第三段第一句提到，時(shí)間計(jì)時(shí)者以分鐘和小時(shí)為模塊來(lái)規(guī)劃一天的工作.第三句則指出，任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)者則列出一個(gè)待做事情的清單.最后一句總結(jié)：據(jù)說(shuō)，我們每個(gè)人都會(huì)將這兩種規(guī)劃類型結(jié)合起來(lái)使用.分析原文可知，此句中的these types即指代上文提到的兩種計(jì)時(shí)方式：clock-timers和task-timers.由此可知，人們?cè)诠ぷ鲿r(shí)往往會(huì)把兩種規(guī)劃類型相結(jié)合，故答案為A.
B.“他們優(yōu)先處理手頭上最緊急的工作”，文中并未提及，故排除；C.“他們給每項(xiàng)具體工作設(shè)定一個(gè)時(shí)間限制”，第三段前兩句提到，時(shí)間計(jì)時(shí)者以分鐘和小時(shí)為模塊來(lái)規(guī)劃一天的工作.例如：上午9點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn)開(kāi)會(huì)；上午10點(diǎn)到中午做研究等等.這是時(shí)間計(jì)時(shí)者的工作方式，而非所有人都是如此，故排除；D.“他們一件一件地完成工作”，第三段第三、四句提到，任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)者則列出一個(gè)待做事情的清單.他們按照清單工作，完成前一項(xiàng)工作，再開(kāi)始另一項(xiàng)工作.由此可知，這是任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)者的工作方式，并非所有工作者都如此，故排除.
58．D.由題干中的Tamar Avnet and Anne．Lanre Sellier，experiments和clock-timers定位到第四段第五、六句：In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne—Laure Sellier…They found clocktimers to be more efficient but less happy…
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.文章第四段第六句指出，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，時(shí)間計(jì)時(shí)者效率更高，但是卻不夠開(kāi)心，因?yàn)樗麄兏杏X(jué)對(duì)自己的人生沒(méi)有掌控權(quán).因此，答案為D..
A.“當(dāng)機(jī)會(huì)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，他們能夠抓住它”，第四段最后一句指出，當(dāng)有好事發(fā)生時(shí)，他們往往會(huì)享受當(dāng)下，而當(dāng)機(jī)會(huì)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，他們會(huì)抓住它.此處的“他們”指的是前一句中的任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)者，可以排除；B.“他們總是能夠及時(shí)完成工作”，第四段第六句提到時(shí)間計(jì)時(shí)者效率更高，但并未提到他們總是可以及時(shí)完成工作，可以排除；C.“他們對(duì)自己的人生更有掌控權(quán)”，第四段第六句提到，時(shí)間計(jì)時(shí)者效率更高，但是卻不夠開(kāi)心，因?yàn)樗麄兏杏X(jué)對(duì)自己的人生沒(méi)有掌控權(quán)，可以排除.
59．B.由題干中的business culture定位到第五段第一句：The researchers argue that task—basedorganizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture.
推理判斷題.第五段第一句提到，研究人員指出，在企業(yè)文化中，以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的籌劃往往會(huì)被低估，得不到支持.由此可知，當(dāng)今的企業(yè)文化對(duì)以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的籌劃并不重視，故答案為B..
A.“它并不支持聰明的企業(yè)所采用的策略”，文章第五段第二句是說(shuō)研究者相信，聰明的企業(yè)會(huì)努力將更多以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的規(guī)劃納入其經(jīng)營(yíng)策略中，與當(dāng)今的企業(yè)文化所支持的規(guī)劃類型不符，可以排除；C.“比起員工的生活，它更加重視工作效率”和D.“它的目的是全面激發(fā)雇員的潛力和創(chuàng)造力”，文中沒(méi)有提及，均可排除.
60．A.由題干中的researchers和suggest定位到第六段第一、二句: …the researchers argue that…task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity.
推理判斷題.第六段第一句提到，研究人員表示，這對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的普遍特點(diǎn)——工作是按時(shí)間來(lái)安排的——是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn).第二句提出研究人員的觀點(diǎn)：盡管大多數(shù)人從某種程度上仍舊有可能需要，或者自己作為時(shí)間計(jì)時(shí)者，但是當(dāng)我們從事需要更多創(chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)的方式.由此可知，研究人員建議我們?cè)趶氖戮哂袆?chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)，選擇以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的計(jì)時(shí)方式，故答案為A..
B.“保持工作和生活平衡很重要”，文中沒(méi)有提及，可以排除；C.“從事有創(chuàng)造力的工作往往會(huì)讓工作者更加開(kāi)心”，第六段第二、三句指出，當(dāng)我們從事需要更多創(chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)的方式.因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)使工作更加容易，使工作者更加開(kāi)心.由此可知，在從事需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)，采用任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)的方式才會(huì)讓工作者更加開(kāi)心，可以排除；D.“在工作評(píng)估中應(yīng)使用科學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，文中沒(méi)有提及，可以排除.
61.A.由題干中的the well—known columnist定位到第一段第二句．．．．a(chǎn)well—known columnistwrote that she was "paying her dues," and that "there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt todeny her right to start anew."
推理判斷題.第一段第一句指出，瑪莎·斯圖爾特在2004年受到指控，經(jīng)過(guò)審判，被判有罪.第二句則表明這位知名專欄作家的態(tài)度：她已經(jīng)得到了懲罰，而且任何人沒(méi)有理由去試圖剝奪她重新開(kāi)始的權(quán)利.由此可知，這位作家擔(dān)心瑪莎·斯圖爾特的入獄經(jīng)歷會(huì)影響到她出獄后的生活，故答案為A.
B.“在她服刑時(shí)，她的公司破產(chǎn)了”，文中未提及，可以排除；C.“她刑滿出獄并未引起人們注意”，文章第一段第二句提到一位知名專欄作家就她的情況發(fā)表評(píng)論，由此可知，她的案件十分轟動(dòng)，該選項(xiàng)與原文不符，可以排除；D.“她的刑期可能被延長(zhǎng)了”，文章第一段第二句提到她的服刑期即將結(jié)束，由此可知，她即將刑滿出獄，可以排除.
62.B.由題干中的the second paragraph和many criminals in America定位到第二段第二句：many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number ofAmericans.who are prevented from ever fully paving their debt to society.
推理判斷題.文章第二段第二句指出，很多聯(lián)邦法律和州立法律對(duì)很大一部分美國(guó)人強(qiáng)制實(shí)施定罪后限制，使他們不能夠再次充分地回報(bào)社會(huì).由此可知，一些服刑人員即使刑滿釋放，也會(huì)受到法律的限制，難以完全融入社會(huì)，開(kāi)始新的人生，故答案為B..
A.“他們刑滿出獄后又重蹈覆轍”，文章第二段第二句指出，一些強(qiáng)制實(shí)施的定罪后限制，使他們不能夠再次充分地回報(bào)社會(huì).由此可知，大多數(shù)經(jīng)過(guò)改造的犯人還是希望改過(guò)自新的，該選項(xiàng)與原文不符，可以排除；C.“他們因?yàn)檩^輕案件而受到重罰”，第二段第二句指出，很多聯(lián)邦法律和州立法律對(duì)很大一部分美國(guó)人強(qiáng)制實(shí)施定罪后限制，即對(duì)有犯罪前科的人實(shí)行限制，該選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文的曲解，可以排除；D.“不管他們的自身情況如何都會(huì)被判有罪”，文中并未提及被判有罪的尺度，可以排除.
63．C.由題干中的consequences和many Americans with a criminal record定位到第三段：At least65 million people…have a criminal record．This Can result in severe penalties…和第四段：Many ofthese penalties are imposed regardless of．．．Laws Can restrict or ban voting．．．
推理判斷題.第三段第二句中提到，犯罪分子在刑期結(jié)束后還要接受時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)的嚴(yán)重懲罰.第四段第二句中接著舉例進(jìn)行解釋，這些限制懲罰包括可以限制或阻止他們擁有選舉權(quán)，沒(méi)有權(quán)利申請(qǐng)公租房，不能取得職業(yè)資格證以及商業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)證等，也就是說(shuō)，享受不到正常公民所擁有的權(quán)益，被社會(huì)邊緣化，故答案為C..
A.“他們將終身貧窮”，第四段最后一句指出這些限制會(huì)影響一個(gè)人通過(guò)獲取工作和資格謀求福利的能力，但這并不是唯一條件，也不能片面地說(shuō)所有刑滿釋放的人都會(huì)終身貧窮，該選項(xiàng)過(guò)于絕對(duì)，可以排除；B.“他們被剝奪所有的社會(huì)福利”同樣表達(dá)過(guò)于絕對(duì)，可以排除；D.“他們被家庭所拋棄”，原文未提及，可以排除.
64．D.由題干中的the author和post．conviction laws and rules定位到第六段：Some laws makesense...和第七段: These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people withcriminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題.文章第六段提到，一些法律是合理的.第七段則指出，這些法律同樣會(huì)產(chǎn)生相反的效果，因?yàn)樗鼈兗哟罅擞蟹缸锴翱频娜俗夥俊⒕蜆I(yè)的難度，而這兩個(gè)因素正是可以讓他們避免重蹈覆轍的關(guān)鍵因素.由此可知，作者對(duì)于一些法律、法規(guī)并不贊同，認(rèn)為是對(duì)有犯罪前科的人的不公平對(duì)待，使得他們無(wú)法改過(guò)自新而危及社會(huì)，故答案為D.
A.“它們有助于維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定”，文章第七段提到，這些法律加大了有犯罪前科的人租房、就業(yè)的難度，而這兩個(gè)因素正是可以讓他們避免重蹈覆轍的關(guān)鍵因素.由此可知，過(guò)于苛刻的定罪后懲罰非但不能維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，很可能會(huì)影響社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，故該選項(xiàng)可以排除；B.“一些法律、法規(guī)早已過(guò)時(shí)”，文中并未提及，可以排除；C.“它們很難被公眾所理解”，文章第六段第二句提到?jīng)]有人會(huì)提議讓有戀童癖的人在學(xué)校工作.由此可知，公眾還是可以理解那些合理的限制的，故該選項(xiàng)可以排除.
65．B.由題干中的author’s main purpose定位到文章最后一段：The point is not to excuse or forgetthe crime.Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vast criminal justice system, second chancesare crucial.It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins ofsociety．
主旨大意題.最后一段提到，這個(gè)提議并不是為犯罪找借口或忽略它.相反，是讓人們認(rèn)識(shí)到，在美國(guó)龐大的刑法體系中，人們擁有改過(guò)自新的機(jī)會(huì)是至關(guān)重要的.讓那么一大部分群體游走在社會(huì)的邊緣對(duì)任何人都沒(méi)有好處.由此可知，作者是希望通過(guò)對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的探討，從而對(duì)刑法體系中一些不合理的地方進(jìn)行變革，故答案為B..
A.“為犯罪分子提供自我改造的機(jī)會(huì)”，文章最后一段第三句指出讓那么一大部分群體游走在社會(huì)的邊緣對(duì)任何人都沒(méi)有好處，由此可知，作者建議的真正目的是變革法律中不合理的部分，維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，該選項(xiàng)為表面原因，可以排除；C.“確保有犯罪前科的人能夠過(guò)上體面的生活”，不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)，可以排除；D.“呼吁人們關(guān)注美國(guó)囚犯的處境”，文中未提及，可以排除.
參考譯文：Chinese parents usually intend to pay too much attention to their children's study to such an extent thatthey even don't require their children to help them do the chores.Their primary requirement for their childrenis to study hard, get good grades and go to famous universities, They believe this does good to their childrenbecause in the society of China which is full of intense competition, only perfect academic performance canensure a bright future.Chinese parents also believe if their children can make great achievements in thesociety, they will receive respect accordingly.Therefore, they are willing to sacrifice their own time, hobbiesand interests to provide better conditions for their children.
1．翻譯第一句時(shí)，“過(guò)于關(guān)注……”還可以譯為focus too much on…／be too focused on…等；“做家務(wù)”還可譯為do housework.
2．翻譯第二句時(shí)，“努力學(xué)習(xí)”“考得好”和“能上名牌大學(xué)”作表語(yǔ)，可用動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表達(dá).“他們對(duì)孩子的首要要求”是句子的主語(yǔ)，有兩種譯法：一是直接用名詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá)，即their primary requirement for theirchildren；二是用名詞性從句表達(dá)，即what they require their children first to do.
3．翻譯第三句時(shí)，“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì)”有兩種譯法：society(which is)hill of intense competition和competitivesociety.“保證”這個(gè)詞譯為assure還是ensure?如果意思是“向……保證，使……確信”，可譯為assure sb．that或assure sb．of.根據(jù)原文可知，中國(guó)的家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為成績(jī)好前途就好，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)均為某事，所以將“保證”譯為ensure為宜.
4．第四句分為三個(gè)短句，故翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意句子的銜接.譯文將“中國(guó)父母還認(rèn)為”譯作句子的主干，而將“如果孩子能在社會(huì)上取得大的成就，父母就會(huì)受到尊敬”譯作believe的賓語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)在該賓語(yǔ)從句中還有條件句.
5．最后一句中，“愿意犧牲”譯為be willing to sacrifice….“為孩子提供更好的條件”還可以譯作to createbetter conditions for their children.
以上就是小編整理的“2015年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案（第一套）”內(nèi)容，希望能夠幫助同學(xué)們順利考過(guò)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)，更多英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題以及答案，點(diǎn)擊社科賽斯考研網(wǎng)。
京公安網(wǎng)備11010802020593號(hào)
