英語六級考試對于大學(xué)新生來說是比較重要的考試，所以英語六級真題一定要多加練習(xí)，社科賽斯考研網(wǎng)小編為同學(xué)們整理了2015年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題及答案（第一套）。
2015年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題(第1套)
Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You arereauired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)
Section A
Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the eorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day.
B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties.
C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.
D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.
2. A. He took over the firm from Mary.C. He failed to foresee major problems.
B. He is running a successful business.D. He is opening a new consulting firm.
3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.
B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet.
C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet.
D. The printer in the office has run out of paper.
4.A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.
B. The woman can use his glasses to read.
C. He has the dictionary the woman wants.
D. The dictionary is not of much help to him.
5.A. Redecorating her office.
B. Majoring in interior design.
C. Seeking professional advice.
D. Adding some office furniture.
6.A. Problems in port management.
B. Improvement of port facilities.
C. Delayed shipment of goods.
D. Shortage of container ships.
7.A. Their boss.
B. A colleague.
C. Their workload.
D. A coffee machine.
8.A. Call the hotel manager for help.
B. Postpone the event until a later date.
C. Hold the banquet at a different place.
D. Get an expert to correct the error.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A. He shares some of the household duties.
B. He often goes back home late for dinner.
C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.
D. He dines out from time to time with friends.
10.A. To take him to dinner.
B. To talk about a budget plan.
C. To discuss an urgent problem.
D. To pass on an important message.
11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.
B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.
C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.
D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.
B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.
C. They form a more realistic picture of life.
D. They try to adapt to their changing roles.
13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.
B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.
C. He is able to meet many interesting people.
D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.
14.A. It is stressful.
B. It is full of tim.
C. It is all glamour.
D. It is challenging
15. A. Bothered.
B. Amazed.
C. Puzzled.
D. Excited.
Section B
Directions : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture.
B. Learn new ways of relating and working together.
C. Follow closely the fast development of technology.
D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.
17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.
B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance.
C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of.
D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with.
18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.
B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures.
C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.
D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.
B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.
C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long.
D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.
20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists.
B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.
C. He sold a program developed by his friends.
D. He invested in a leading computer business.
21.A. They had confidence in his new ideas.
B. They trusted his computer expertise.
C. They were very keen on new technology.
D. They believed in his business connections.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A. Prestige advertising.
B. Institutional advertising.
C. Word of mouth advertising.
D. Distributing free trial products.
23.A. To sell a particular product.
B. To build up their reputation.
C. To promote a specific service.
D. To attract high-end consumers.
24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies.
B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff.
C. By buying media space in leading newspapers.
D. By creating their own ads and commericais.
25. A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.
B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.
C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.
D. Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for thofirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with the exact words you have just hoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for the third time, you should chock what you have written.
Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an26concept. It's not at all like the killing of individual lifeforms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply 27numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be ound. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an28and final act for which there is no remedy
on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations29us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish. Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life30, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.31basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being32in a frenzy ( 瘋狂) of processing,consuming, and33, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends.
The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural34, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of35 Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read tho passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark tho corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through tho centre. You may not use any of tho words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions, often quickly and brutally.Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest technology success stories, was no36, losing its market share in just a few years.
In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales37But consumers'
preferences were already38toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple's iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share39rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.
What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO,which he40in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at41Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossiblefor the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most42, Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's43success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a44cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of
which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well.
A)assumed I) previous
B. bias J) relayed
C. desperate K) shifting
D. deterioration L) shrank
E) exception M) subtle
F) fault N) transmitting
G) incidentally O) worldwide
H) notably
Section B
Directions : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.
Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by .marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus with little academic know—how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.
[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant,he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first—generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.
Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.
[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly low graduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year,Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making it impossible for him to continue paying for school.
[ C ]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students who enter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped to graduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation (補習(xí)).
[ D ] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to this specific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospective college-goers fmd the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a good number of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.
[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subsetof this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tend toward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools.
"Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think bigger and broader. "
[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools in particular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options year after year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community colleges or state schools with low bars for admittance.
[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,"said Dave Jarrat, a marketing executive for Inside Track, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income students and supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-income kids could be going to elite tufiversities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it. "
[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and their college worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated,the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. A flagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generation students, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, The University of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overall graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the outcomes for first—generat.ion students and those of their peers.
[I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutions keep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent).
[J] It is actually quite difficult to fred reliable statistics on the issue for many schools.Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but these reports typically only include Pell recipient numbers—not necessarily rates specific to fLrst—generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating it can be for prospecitive students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigate this kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.
[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originally as an ann of its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity."If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.
[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first—generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound cnlture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn't really know the process. " Jones became involved with a college—access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "
[ M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, comecting first— generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students on Howard's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who are able to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid packages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students.(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. )
[ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story setting him far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available at the school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (聯(lián)系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter being one of the most common programs for students).
[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to do well,' " he said, hinting at mentors (導(dǎo)師), staff, and professors who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.
46. Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree.
47. First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.
48. The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.
49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need.
50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.
51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.
52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.
53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.
54. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.
55. Elite universities tend to graduate fn'st-generation students at a higher rate.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influentialmedical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it,suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, for example—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisionsbased on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones areexpected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (報銷) policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial
Overseers. "There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn't be functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade—offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about
equally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50 a dose and the other close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德層面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society
to take up the issue. "
56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?
A. Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.
B. Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.
C. Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.
D. Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.
57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?
A. Specific medicines to be used.
B. Effects of medical treatment.
C. Professional advancement.
D. Patients' trust.
58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?
A. The redefining of doctors' roles.
B. Overuse of less effective medicines.
C. Conflicts between doctors and patients.
D. The prolonging of patients' suffering.
59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?
A. They may be involved in a conflict of interest.
B. They may be forced to divide their attention.
C. They may have to use less effective drugs.
D. They may lose the respect of patients.
60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?
A. It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.
B. It will help to save money for society as a whole.
C. It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.
D. It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also argued that it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (橫檔 ) in that ladder have grown farther apart.
For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new damset from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?
Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density,the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, commtmity religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:
1. Per-capita (人均) income growth
2. Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)
3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.
61. How does Obama view economic inequality?
A. It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.
B. It is the greatest threat to social stability.
C. It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.
D. It is the most malicious social evil of our time.
62. What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship's data analysis?
A. It is fast widening across most parts of America.
B. It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility.
C. It is not correctly interpreted.
D. It is overwhelmingly ignored.
63. Compared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said to
A. have placed religious beliefs above party politics
B. have bridged the gap between the rich and the poor
C. offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladder
D. suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation
64. What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Cherty?
A. Family structure.
B. Racial equality.
C. School education.
D. Community density.
65. What does the author seem to suggest?
A. It is important to increase the size of the middle class.
B. It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas.
C. It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.
D. It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.
Part IVTranslation(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You shou write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
在中國，父母總是竭力幫助孩子，甚至為孩子做重要決定，而不管孩子想要什么，因為他們相信這樣做是為孩子好。結(jié)果，孩子的成長和教育往往屈從于父母的意愿如果父母決定為孩子報名參加一個課外班，以增加其被重點學(xué)校錄取的機會，他們會堅持自己的決定。即使孩子根本不感興趣。
然而在美國，父母很可能會尊重孩子的意見，并在決策時更注重他們的意見。中國父母十分重視教育或許值得稱贊、、然而，他們應(yīng)向美國父母學(xué)習(xí)在涉及教育時如何平衡父母與子女間的關(guān)系
2015年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題答案與詳解(第1套)
1．W：Wow。what a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu!Could you recommend something special?
M：Well，I think you can try this mixed salad．We make the dressing with fresh berries．
Q：What does the man mean?
C.。未聽先知:選項中restaurant出現(xiàn)了兩次，A.“飯店每天都有特別供應(yīng)”、B.“飯店以食品多樣而聞名”和C.“拌沙拉的調(diào)料使這道菜十分誘人”都在描述飯店好的一面，故推測本題考查內(nèi)容與飯店哪方面比較出色有關(guān)，而D.“女士應(yīng)該將原料進行充分?jǐn)嚢?rdquo;與其他三個選項內(nèi)容明顯不屬于一類，故基本可以提前排除。詳解女士發(fā)現(xiàn)這家飯店的沙拉多種多樣，請男士給她推薦點特別的，男士向她推薦了混拌沙拉，因為這道菜的調(diào)料是用漿果制作而成。由此可知，是特殊的調(diào)料使得這款沙拉與眾不同。
2．W：1 was talking to Mary the other day and she mentioned that your new consulting firm is doing really well．
M：Yes．Business picked up much faster than we anticipated．We now have over 200 clients．
Q：What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
B.。未聽先知：四個選項均以He開頭，由A.“他從Mary那里接手公司”、B.“他正在經(jīng)營很成功的生意”和D.“他正在建立一家新的咨詢公司”可以猜測，對話內(nèi)容與男士經(jīng)營公司有關(guān)，C.“他沒能預(yù)見到一些重大問題”屬于男士失敗的原因，而其他三個選項均為描述一般事實的陳述句，故基本可以提前排除C。
詳解女士說她前幾天碰到了Mary，從Mary那里聽說男士的新咨詢公司現(xiàn)在很成功，男士說他的生意發(fā)展得比他們預(yù)想得要好，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有多于兩百名客戶了。由此可知，目前男士的生意相當(dāng)成功。
3．M：Do you know where we keep flash discs and printing paper?
W：They should be in the cabinet if there are any．That’s where we keep all of Our office supplies．
Q：What does the woman mean?
C.。未聽先知:選項中出現(xiàn)了supplies一詞，A.“應(yīng)該安排人員專門負(fù)責(zé)辦公用品”、B.“男士可以把光盤放在公司的柜子里”、C.“男士應(yīng)該能在柜子里找到辦公用品”和D.“辦公室的打印機沒紙了”四個選項的語義相互交錯，圍繞著辦公用品、光盤、紙張、柜子展開，聽對話時應(yīng)注意捕捉這幾者之間的相互聯(lián)系。
詳解：對話中男士問女士是否知道光盤和打印紙放在哪兒了，女士說如果還有的話，應(yīng)該都放在柜子里了，因為所有的辦公用品都放在那里。由此可知，女士的意思是男士應(yīng)該能在柜子里找到他所需要的辦公用品。
4．W：The print in this dictionary is so small．I call’t read the explanation at all．
M：Let me get my magnifying glass．I know I just can't do without it．
Q：What does the man mean?
A。未讀先知：由四個選項中的glass(es)和dictionary可以判斷對話內(nèi)容與閱讀詞典和眼鏡有關(guān)，結(jié)合A“他必須用放大鏡才能看清楚”和B.“女士可以用他的眼鏡來閱讀”兩個選項的意思可以大致判斷，對話中的兩個人需要借助某種工具才能進行閱讀，而C和D.兩個選項可以說明他們看不清楚的可能是詞典的內(nèi)容。
詳解：對話中女士對男士說詞典里的字太小了，她根本就看不清楚那些釋義，男士說他要去拿放大鏡，沒有放大鏡，他也無法看清楚。由此可知，男士得用放大鏡才能看清楚。
5．W：I'm considering having my office redecorated．The furniture is old and the paint is chipping
M：I’ll give you my sister in law’s number．She just graduated from an interior design academy and will give a free estimate．
Q：What is the woman considering?
A。未聽先知：選項均為以v-ing形式開頭構(gòu)成的名詞性短語，由A.“重新裝修她的辦公室”和D.“為辦公室增加點家具”可以推斷，對話內(nèi)容與辦公室的家具和裝修有關(guān)；B.“主修室內(nèi)裝修專業(yè)”和C.“尋找專業(yè)建議”也與之相關(guān)，由A.中的her判定，聽錄音時需要特別關(guān)注與女士有關(guān)的信息。
詳解：女士對男士說她正考慮重新裝修辦公室，家具舊了，墻上的漆也開始脫落了，男士說他可以把他弟妹的電話給女士，因為他弟妹畢業(yè)于室內(nèi)裝修學(xué)院，可以給女士免費進行評估。由此可知，女士正在考慮的事情是重新裝修辦公室。
6．W：We have afull load of goods that needs to be delivered．But we can't get a container ship anywhere．
M：That’s always been a problem in this port．The facilities here are never able to meet our needs．
Q：What are the speakers talking about?
D.。未聽先知：四個選項均為名詞性短語，由選項A.“港口管理問題”、B.“港口設(shè)施的改善”、C.“貨運物品延期”和D.“集裝箱船匱乏”可以看出，這些選項都提到了港口所面臨的一些問題，因此聽對話時對此類信息要特別關(guān)注。
詳解：對話中女士對男士說她們有一大批貨物需要運走，但怎么也找不到集裝箱船只，男士表示在這個港口，此類問題一直存在，港口的設(shè)施根本滿足不了人們的需求。由此可知，兩人討論的是港口缺乏集裝箱船只的問題。
7．W：Why di血’t Rod get aPay raise?”
M：The boSS just isn’t convinced that his work attitude warranted it．She said she saw him by the coffeemachine more often than at his desk．
Q：What are the speakers talking about?
B.。未聽先知：四個選項都很簡短，為四個名詞短語，且內(nèi)容各不相同，通常出現(xiàn)此類選項時，考查內(nèi)容一般圍繞對話的主旨大意展開。
詳解:對話中女士奇怪為什么Rod沒有漲工資，男士說那是因為老板覺得他的工作態(tài)度有問題，老板說她看到Rob在咖啡機邊的時間比在辦公桌前辦公的時間還要多。由此可知，對話中的兩人正在討論他們的同事Rod。
8．W：The hotel called，saying that because of a scheduling error，they won’t be able to cater for Our banquet
M：I know an In dian restaurant on the High Street that offers a special dinner for groups．The food is excellent and the room is large enough to accommodate US．
Q：What does the man suggest they do?
C.。未聽先知：四個選項均為動詞短語，可以推斷本題考查的是某人的動作行為，結(jié)合選項A.“向酒店經(jīng)理打電話求助”、B.“把事項日期延后”、C.“換個地方舉辦宴會”和D.“請專家來改正問題”可以推斷，應(yīng)該是某件事情出了差錯或是變故，因此本題考查的內(nèi)容與人們采取的應(yīng)對措施有關(guān)。
詳解：對話中女士對男士說酒店打來電話，說由于日程安排出了問題，他們不能承接宴會了，男士馬上說他知道在High Street有一家印度餐館，可以為團體客戶提供特殊待遇，那里的食物很棒，房間也足夠大。由此可知，男士的言外之意是說他們可以把宴會的地點改在他所推薦的印度餐館。
M: Hello, Jane.
W: Hello, Paul.
M: Please come in. (9) I'm just gettingready to go home. Susan is expecting me for dinner. I want to be on time for a change.
W: (10) Look, I'm terribly sorry to drop in at this time on Friday, Paul, but it is rather important.
M: That's OK. What's the problem?
W. Well, Paul, I won't keep you long. You see there is a problem with the exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchange market. ( 11 ) You see there has been a sharp increase in Indian's balance of payment deficit.
M: I see. That's serious, isn't it'?
W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and the prospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.
M: And that's going to affect us, as if we didn't have enough problems on our hands.
W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover to protect our position on the outstanding contracts.
hi: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that mean exactly?
W: Well, it means that Jo Motors enters into a commitment to sell Indian Rupees at the present rate.
M: I see. And how will that benefit us?
W: Well, Jio Motors won't lose out if the Indian Rupee falls further.
M: What will it cost, Jane?
W: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price of the bike.
M: Well, I don't suppose there is much choice. All right, Jane, let's put it into action.
未聽先知：預(yù)覽三道題各選項，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，每個題目的側(cè)重點完全不同，第9題考查男士的日常行為，第l0題為不定式短語，應(yīng)該是考查將要發(fā)生的行為動作或是某種目的，第11題出現(xiàn)了Foreign investors，enterprises等詞，可推測與商務(wù)行為有關(guān)，但由第l0題中的urgent problem和important message還是能夠推測，對話的主題 應(yīng)該涉及某種比較嚴(yán)蘑的問題。
9．What do we learn about the man’s daily life?
B.。詳解：四個選項均以He開頭，且均使用了一般現(xiàn)在時，可以推測本題考查內(nèi)容與男士的日常生活有關(guān)。由各選項A.“他分擔(dān)一些家務(wù)職責(zé)”、B.“他經(jīng)常回家很晚，趕不上吃晚飯”、C.“他偶爾會為家人做飯”和D.“他有時會與朋友外出就餐”可以看出，本題的重點是男士通常是怎樣解決晚餐的。其中，A.與其他三個選項的內(nèi)容有較大差異，可以提前排除。對話中男士與女士見面時，男士告訴女士他正要回家，Susan正在家里等他回去吃晚餐，他不能總像平日里那樣老是趕不上吃晚餐。for a change表達的意思是“改變一下”，既然男士今天要按時回家與家人一起共進晚餐，也就可以推測出他大多數(shù)時候是不按時回家吃晚餐的。
10．Why did the woman come to see the man?
D.。詳解：四個選項均為動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，此類選項通常表示本題考查的內(nèi)容為即將發(fā)生的行為動作或某種動作的目的，A.“帶他去吃晚餐”與B.“談?wù)撘豁楊A(yù)算計劃”、C.“討論一個緊急問題”以及D.“告知一個重要信息”這三個選項的內(nèi)容明顯不屬于一類，可以預(yù)先排除。對話中女士說她很抱歉在周五的這個時間來找男士，但她的事情非常重要，而沒有提到“問題”，因此排除C.，顯然女士來找男士的目的就是要告訴男士一件重要的事情。
1 1．What makes the woman worry about the Indian Rupee?
D.。詳解：四個選項都與商業(yè)行為相關(guān)，而且兩次提到了India，可以判斷對話內(nèi)容涉及印度的商業(yè)或經(jīng)濟，選項均為對印度經(jīng)濟進行負(fù)面描述的句子，但內(nèi)容各不相同，無法進行排除或斷定本題所考查的重點，聽對話時就需要對所有涉及到印度經(jīng)濟的內(nèi)容多加留意。對話中女士明確告訴男士印度的收支平衡赤字急劇升高。
W: Charles, among other things, you are regarded as one of the America's great masters of the Blues, a musical idiom that's essentially about loss, particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die?
M: ( 12 ) People often get into love affairs because they have unrealistic expectations about somebody. Then when the person doesn't turn out to be who they thought he or she was, they start thinking "maybe I can change him or her". That kind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people are going to
be pretty much what they are. It's a rare thing for anybody to be able to change who they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.
W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your life touring. What appeals to you about life on the road?
M: (13) Music. I don't especially love life on the road, but I figure if you are lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you've got the ultimate in life.
W: What's the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famous musician?
M: (14) People think it's all glamour. Actually we have the same trouble as they do. Playing music doesn't mean life treats you any better.
W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you go?
M: You'd think I'd be used to it by now. (15) But I still find it fascinating. You go to a little town in Japan,where nobody speaks English, yet they know you on site and know all of your music. I'm still amazed be the love people express for me and by music.
未聽先知：預(yù)覽四道題各選項，第l4、l5題的選項均以形容詞為主，無法通過這些形容詞判斷出對話主題，但由第l2題中的the other half，relationship，picture of life等詞可以判斷，對話涉及到了戀愛關(guān)系以及人們對愛情的理解，而通過第l3題的各選項也可以確定對話與某位男士的精彩生活有關(guān)。
12．What does the mail say about most people when they get into love affairs?
A.。詳解：四個選項均以They開頭，根據(jù)選項A.“他們對自己的另一半有著不切實際的期待”、B.“他們或許沒有準(zhǔn)備好形成一種相伴一生的關(guān)系”、C.“他們對生活有了更為現(xiàn)實的認(rèn)識”和D.“他們想要適應(yīng)自己角色的轉(zhuǎn)變”可以判斷，選項中的they指的就是普通大眾，本題考查的是人們對愛情或者婚姻、家庭的看法。對話中女士問男士為什么愛情不能永葆活力，男士說人們陷入戀愛關(guān)系時，往往都對對方抱有一種不切實際的期待，如果對方與自己想象得不一樣，則希望對方能夠為自己而改變．坦實際上，人們很難真正改變。
13．What does the mail say about himself as a singer OH the road most of his life?
D.。詳解：四個選項均以He開頭，A.“他很幸運，能夠去很多新奇的地方”、B.“他能夠忘記生活中的煩惱”、C.“他能夠認(rèn)識很多有趣的人”和D.“他很幸運，能夠做自己喜歡的事情”，四個選項都是在描述男士的美好生活，可以判斷對話中一定講述了男士幸福的一面，聽對話時對此類信息要特別注意。對話中女士問男士，他已經(jīng)62歲了，還經(jīng)常到處走動，是什么吸引他一直上路，男士毫不猶豫地說是音樂促使他前行，能夠做自己真正熱愛的事情的人是幸運的，他們能夠觸碰到生活的極致。由此可見，男士所做的正是他自己喜歡的事情。
14．What do most people think of the life of a famous musician?
C.。詳解：四個選項均為簡單的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，四個形容詞是關(guān)鍵，選項所給信息過少，無法判斷本題考查內(nèi)容，但聽錄音時，對與這些形容詞有關(guān)聯(lián)的內(nèi)容都要注意捕捉。對話中女士問男士人們最容易對知名音樂家所產(chǎn)生的錯誤概念是什么，男士明確地說，人們認(rèn)為知名音樂家的生活只有光輝，這是不對的。生活對于他們并不比對待普通人更加仁慈。
15．How does the mall feel whenever he is recognized by his fans?
B.。詳解：四個選項均為單個形容詞，有正面的，也有負(fù)面的，選項所給信息過少，無法判斷本題考查內(nèi)容，但聽錄音時，對與這些形容詞有關(guān)聯(lián)的內(nèi)容都要注意捕捉。對話中女士問男士走到哪兒都會被人認(rèn)出來的感覺如何，男士說，按說他應(yīng)該已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這種感覺，但事實是，他依然感覺十分驚異。他舉了一個例子，他曾經(jīng)去過一個日本小鎮(zhèn)，那里的人根本不會說英語，但卻一下子就認(rèn)出他了，還知道他的音樂。fascinating和amazed的意思相似，都表示“驚異，驚喜”。
Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. (16) Although a team may be composed of knowledg
they must learn new ways of relating and workin together to solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations who have been conditioned to traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally. It may need to be created. (17) Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization or society that it supposedly serves. A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order to improve the group's performance.Casey, an expert in this field, suggests that the cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed. He believes that team corporation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may then produce something new, tmique and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibit understanding of their own and other's cultural influences and limitations. They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity,persistence and patience, as well as assertedness. (18) If a team manager xemplifies such qualities, then the team, as a whole, would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.
未聽先知：預(yù)覽三道題各選項，由第16題中的organizational culture，第l7題和l8題中多次出現(xiàn)的team一詞，以及qualifications，team manager，cultures等詞可以推測，短文可能與企業(yè)或商業(yè)環(huán)境中的團隊合作、團隊建設(shè)有關(guān)。
16．What should team members do to fully realize their potential?’
B.。詳解：四個選項均為以動詞原形開頭的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以判斷本題考查的是行為動作。A.“保持傳統(tǒng)的組織文化”、B.“學(xué)習(xí)新的關(guān)聯(lián)方式，共同協(xié)作”、C.“緊跟技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展”和D.“學(xué)會尊重企業(yè)等級制度”均為現(xiàn)代企業(yè)中員工所應(yīng)該做的事情，聽錄音時注意判斷文章當(dāng)中提到的是哪一點。短文中說，雖然團隊當(dāng)中可能有些人的確非常博學(xué)，但他們也應(yīng)該學(xué)會與團隊中的其他人員共同協(xié)作，形成良好的合作關(guān)系，一起解決問題。
17．What needs to be considered for effective team management?
A.。詳解：四個選項均為疑問詞開頭的陳述句語序的句子，因此可以判斷問題中一定包含某種結(jié)構(gòu)，這些選項均可以充當(dāng)該詞或該表達的賓語。結(jié)合選項A.“團隊該怎樣與它的服務(wù)對象相融合”、B.“該怎樣建設(shè)團隊才能改善團隊表現(xiàn)”、C.”團隊中應(yīng)該納入什么樣的員工”和D.“團隊中的成員應(yīng)該具有怎樣的素質(zhì)”可以推測，本題考查應(yīng)該怎樣進行團隊建設(shè)。短文中提到，問題不僅在于應(yīng)該怎樣讓團隊更高效地工作，還應(yīng)該讓團隊與他所服務(wù)的公司或社會融合在一起。
18．What conclusion Can we draw from what Casey says?
D.。詳解：四個選項的意思分別為A.“團隊經(jīng)理必須設(shè)立清晰且較高的目標(biāo)”、B.“團隊必須包含有不同文化背景的隊員”、C.“團隊成員應(yīng)該知識豐富，并富有創(chuàng)造性”和D.“團隊經(jīng)理應(yīng)該具備某些特定的技能”，其中有兩項都提到了團隊經(jīng)理，可以初步判斷本題考查的內(nèi)容極有可能與團隊經(jīng)理所應(yīng)該具備的素質(zhì)或是其所應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的責(zé)任有關(guān)。短文中提到按照Casey的看法，如果團隊經(jīng)理能夠展示出他所提到的各種素質(zhì)，整個團隊就能夠更好地發(fā)揮潛力，實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。也就是說，團隊經(jīng)理應(yīng)該具備某些特定的素質(zhì)。
In early 1994, when Mark Andreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an idea that would change the world. (19) As a student at the University of Illinois, he and his friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people to share information on the world wide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to send and receive text. But with Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends had developed a program which could send images over the web as well. Mosaic was an overnight success. It was put on the university's network at the beginning of 1993.
And by the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessen went to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. (20) Once he got there, he started to have meetings with a man called Jim Clark, who was one of the Valley's most famous entrepreneurs. In 1994, nobody was making any real money from the Internet
which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunity that would make him and Clark rich within two years. He suggested they should create a new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic but would be much easier to use. Clark listened carefully to Pmdreessen, whose ideas and enthusiasm impressed him greatly. ( 21 ) Eventually, Clark agreed to invest three million dollars of his own money in the project, and to raise an extra fifteen million from venture capitalists who were always keen to listen to Clark's new ideas.
未聽先知：預(yù)覽三道題各選項，由第20題中的He可以推斷，文章與某位男士的個人經(jīng)歷有關(guān)，該題選項中出現(xiàn)了computer scientists，computer business等詞，再結(jié)合第19題中的program，第21題中的technology，computer expertise可以推測，文章可能圍繞計算機行業(yè)中的某位男士展開。
19．Wath do we learn about Mosaic?
D.。詳解：四個選項均以It開頭，意思分別為A.“它是Illinois大學(xué)提供的分享教學(xué)觀點的平臺”
B.“它主要用于科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員之間的文字信息傳遞”、C.“它剛開始時是一個很成功的軟件，但沒能持續(xù)很久”和D.“這一程序允許人們通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享信息”，由此可以判斷，It一定是某種技術(shù)形式，更有可能是某種軟件或平臺，本題考查內(nèi)容與It的功能有關(guān)。短文一開始就提到，Mark和他的朋友開發(fā)了Mosaic，它可以允許人們通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)在全世界范圍內(nèi)共享信息。
20．What did Andreessen do upon arriving in Silicon Valley?
B.。詳解：選項均以He開頭，A.“他拜訪了一批著名的計算機科學(xué)家”、B.“他與一位名為Jim Clark的企業(yè)家碰了面”、C.“他賣掉了朋友們開發(fā)的軟件”和D.“他投資了一項領(lǐng)先的計算機生意”都是對He行為動作的描述，聽錄音時應(yīng)注意捕捉與He的行為動作相關(guān)的信息。短文中說Andreessen一到硅谷，首先就與硅谷的著名企業(yè)家Jim Clark進行了會面。
21．Why were venture capitalists willing to join in Clark’s investment?
A.。詳解：四個選項均以They開頭，A.“他們對他的新想法充滿信心”、B.“他們相信他的計算機專業(yè)知識”、C.“他們對新科技十分狂熱”、D.“他們相信他的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系”都是在表述“他們”對于“他”的看法．聽錄音時首先要確定的是They和he分別指代的是什么人，才能正確判斷他們之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。短文最后一部分說，Clark不僅自己投了資，還為Andreessen找了風(fēng)險投資家，他們之所以愿意為Andreessen投資，主要是因為他們熱衷于Clark的新想法。
Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and sewices and attempts to persuade them to buy them. (22) The best form of advertising is probably word-of-mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead. ( 23 ) Indeed Many rganizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. (24) Althou anies could easily set up their own advertisingdepartments, write their own advertisements and buy media space themselves, they tend to use the services of advertising_agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising staff. The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget, a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign known as a brief and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers.
The agency creates advertisements and develops a media plan, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions.(25) Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pretested in newspapers, television stations, etc., in different parts of the country before a final choice is made prior to a national camoalgn.
未聽先知：預(yù)覽四道題各選項，第22題中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了advertising一詞，第24題選項中也出現(xiàn)了advertising，ads，commercials等詞，可以猜測文章內(nèi)容與廣告行業(yè)有關(guān)。
22．What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speaker?
C.。詳解：選項均為名詞短語，A.、B.、C.三個選項描述的都是廣告類型，D.雖然沒有出現(xiàn)advertising一詞，但“分發(fā)免費試用品”也是廣告推銷的一種形式，可以判定本題考查內(nèi)容與廣告形式有關(guān)。短文開頭處提到，最好的廣告形式就是臼口相傳，也就是人們會把自己認(rèn)為不錯的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)推薦給朋友。
23．What does the speaker say is purpose of many organizations’using prestige advertising?
B.。詳解：選項均為不定式短語，通常不定式短語所表達的是目的、打算或是即將發(fā)生的行為動作，由各選項意思：A.“銷售特定商品”、B.“樹立聲譽”、C.“推廣特定服務(wù)”和D.“吸引高端客戶”可以推測，本題考查內(nèi)容與廣告的目的有關(guān)。短文中提到很多機構(gòu)通過廣告公司進行宣傳，并不一定是想要銷售產(chǎn)品，更多的是想樹立企業(yè)或公司的良好聲譽。
24．How do large companies generally handle their advertising?
A.。詳解：四個選項均為以By開頭的介詞短語，介詞by通常表示某種方式或手段，由各選項的意思：
A.“使用大型廣告公司的服務(wù)”、B.“雇用自己的專業(yè)廣告人員”、C.“在行業(yè)領(lǐng)先的報紙上購買廣告空間”和D.“制作自己的廣告”可知，本題考查的是通過何種手段進行廣告活動。短文中提到，雖然對于大公司來說，建立自己的廣告部門、自己撰寫廣告方案、購買媒體空間都不是多么困難的事情，但他們還是傾向于借助大型廣告公司所提供的服務(wù)來做廣告。
25．What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaign?
D.。詳解：四個選項均為動詞原形開頭的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以判定本題考查的是行為動作，由B.選項中的survey和D.選項中的Pre．test，ads可以推測，本題考查內(nèi)容與真正投放廣告前的行為有關(guān)。短文最后提到，廣告公司在向全國投放廣告之前，通常會先小范圍地在報紙、電視等渠道上進行測試，也就是說，他們會在特定的地區(qū)進行廣告試驗。
26．eternal。詳解：空格位于不定冠詞an和名詞concept之間，應(yīng)該填入以元音發(fā)音開頭的形容詞作定語，修飾名詞concept。第一句提到物種滅絕是一個不容易理解的概念，而在下文提到，它與殺死那些可以再重生的單個生命形式不同，也就是說，它是一個永遠無法逆轉(zhuǎn)的概念。eternal意為“永遠的，永恒的”。
27．diminishing。詳解：空格所在句和后面兩句構(gòu)成了排比句式，說明了extinction這一概念的獨特性。空格所在句為倒裝句，充當(dāng)句子的表語，由于空格后有名詞，因此，填入的詞需要和名詞numbers一起構(gòu)成名詞性短語。由句意可知，滅絕不僅僅是數(shù)字的減少。diminish意為“減少，減小”。
28．a(chǎn)bsolute。詳解：空格位于連詞and之前，需要填入一個形容詞，與final形成并列關(guān)系，一起來修飾名詞act。物種的滅絕是永遠的消失，絕對不會再出現(xiàn)。absolute意為“絕對的”。
29．succeed。詳解：空格位于狀語從句中的謂語部分，由于前面的主語為復(fù)數(shù)，主句時態(tài)為一般將來時，因此，空格內(nèi)填人動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時。由空格后的in coming centuries可知，此處要表達的意思是：不管在我們之后還有多少代人會繼續(xù)生存，都不會再看到那些已經(jīng)滅絕的物種了。succeed意為“接替，繼承”。
30．on a vast scale。詳解：空格所在句不缺少句子主要成分，因此，應(yīng)填入副詞或副詞短語，充當(dāng)句子的狀語。上一段提到了滅絕，本段提到了人類對自然資源的浪費和破壞，這些都是大范圍的行為。on a vast scale意為“大面積的，大范圍的”。
31．As regards。詳解：空格與其后的名詞短語basic natural resources不是句子主干的一部分，因此需要填人介詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語。上一句說到了人類對天空、大地和空氣的污染，本句則提到了自然資源。As regards意為“至于，關(guān)于”。注意空格位于句首，As首字母需要大寫。
32．used up。詳解：空格位于句子的謂語部分，與are…being連在一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)，表示“正在被……”，因此應(yīng)該填入動詞或動詞詞組。由but we are also rtfinin9可知，此處要表達的意思是：我們正在以瘋狂的速度和手段將自然界中不可再生的資源消耗殆盡。used up意為“用光，消耗光”。注意使用動詞的過去分詞形式。
33．disposing。詳解：空格前有兩個動名詞processing，consuming，由and確認(rèn)這三個詞應(yīng)該是并列關(guān)系，因此也填入動詞的一ing形式。這里要表達的意思是：人類正在處理、消耗、丟棄珍貴的資源。disposing意為“處理，扔掉”。
34．modification。詳解：空格位于形容詞cultural之后，應(yīng)該填入名詞，與cultural形成名詞短語后，再通過OI?與historical change形成并列關(guān)系。與change“變化”相對應(yīng)的詞為modification。modification意為“修改，改變”。
35．magnitude。詳解：空格位于介詞0f之后，應(yīng)該填入名詞，充當(dāng)介詞的賓語。空格所在句要表達的意思是：人類正在經(jīng)歷的變革十分重大，不僅是簡單的歷史變遷或是文化變更，而是地理、生物以及心理等各種秩序的重大變革。magnitude意為“重要性。重要程度”。
名詞：B.bias偏見，傾向；D.deterioration變質(zhì)，退化，惡化；E)excephon例外；F)fault過錯，過失動詞：A.assumed承擔(dān)(權(quán)力，責(zé)任)；J)relayed接替，轉(zhuǎn)播，轉(zhuǎn)告；K)shiftin9改變，略微移動；L)shrank收縮，縮減；N)txansmitting傳導(dǎo)，傳播
形容詞：C.desperate絕望的，孤注一擲的；I)previous先前的；M)subtle微妙的，不易察覺的副詞：G)incidentally順便地，附帶；H)notably顯著地，尤其；0)worldwide在全世界
36．E.exception。詳解：該空格位于主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，且位于系動詞Was和形容詞n0之后，此處可以理解為形容詞作定語修飾名詞，因此應(yīng)填入名詞exception作整個句子的表語，結(jié)合上下文綜合分析，本句含義為：手機生產(chǎn)商諾基亞公司也并不例外。故答案為E)exception“例外”。備選項中bias，deterioration，fault與上下文語義不符，故應(yīng)排除。
37．O.worldwide。詳解：該空格位于主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，并處于句子的末端，本句主要成分齊全，因此應(yīng)填人副詞worldwide作地點狀語，起修飾作用。本句含義為“2007年時，諾基亞公司占全世界手機銷量的40％以上”。故答案為O)worldwide“在全世界”。備選項中incidentally及notably與上下文語義不符，故應(yīng)排除。
38．K.shifting。詳解:該空格位于句子的謂語動詞位置，系動詞were之后，介詞toward之前，因此可填人現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成過去進行時，描述過去某一時間正在發(fā)生的動作或行為，本句含義為“但此時客戶的偏好正在向觸屏智能手機轉(zhuǎn)變”。故答案為K)shifting“改變，略微移動”。備選項中transmitting與上下文語義不符，故應(yīng)排除。
39．L.shrank。詳解：該空格位于句子主語之后的謂語動詞位置，根據(jù)上下文判斷此處應(yīng)為一般過去時，因此應(yīng)填入動詞過去式，本句的含義為“諾基亞市場份額縮小，收入驟降”。故答案為L)shrank“收縮，縮減”。備選項中assumed及relayed雖然滿足語法要求，但其與上下文語義不符，故排除：
40．A.assumed。詳解:該空格位于以which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，且處于定語從句的謂語動詞位置，又因出現(xiàn)了明確的時間狀語in October 2010，因此應(yīng)填入動詞過去式，本句的含義為“他于2010年l0月開始擔(dān)任諾基亞公司首席執(zhí)行官一職”。故答案為A.assumed“承擔(dān)(權(quán)力，責(zé)任)”。備選項中relayed與上下文語義不符，故應(yīng)排除。
41．F.fault。詳解:該空格位于介詞at之后，應(yīng)填入名詞，構(gòu)成介賓短語，at fault為固定搭配，含義為“有責(zé)任，有過錯”，本句含義為“但出問題的并不僅僅是埃洛普一人”。故答案為F)fault“過錯，過失”：備選項中bias及deterioration與上下文語義不符，故應(yīng)排除。
42．H.notably。詳解:該空格位于主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，且該句主要成分齊全，空格位于Most之后，應(yīng)填入副詞，構(gòu)成最高級形式，本句含義為“最顯著的就是Jorma Ollila”。故答案為H)notably“顯著地，尤其”。備選項中incidentally與上下文語義不符，故應(yīng)排除。
43．I.previous。詳解:該空格位于名詞所有格the company’S之后，名詞success之前，可填人形容詞進一步修飾名詞success，本句含義為“但他過于迷戀公司以前所取得的成就”，故答案為I)previous“先前的”。備選項中desperate及subtle與上下文語義不符，故應(yīng)排除。
44．C.desperate。詳解:該空格位于不定冠詞a之后，名詞短語cost．cutting program之前，應(yīng)填入形容詞進一步修飾名詞短語的中心詞program。本句含義為“公司還開始了一場孤注一擲的降低成本運動”。故答案為C.desperate“絕望的，不顧一切的，孤注一擲的”。備選項中subtle與上下文語義不符，故應(yīng)排除。
45．D.deteriorationo 詳解:該空格位于定冠詞the之后，介詞of之前，應(yīng)填人名詞。本句含義為“這有損于公司原本生機勃勃的企業(yè)文化”。“故答案為D.deterioration“變質(zhì)，退化，惡化”。備選項中bias與上下文語義不符，故應(yīng)排除。
詳解詳析
46. Many first-generation college goers have doubts about their abilities togetacollege degree.
譯文；很多第一代大學(xué)生懷疑自己是否有能力拿到大學(xué)文憑。
定位；由題干關(guān)鍵詞havedoubts about their abilities定位到原文畫線處。
47. First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.
譯文：第一代大學(xué)生的經(jīng)濟負(fù)擔(dān)往往比同齡人更重。
定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞heavier financial burdens定位到原文畫線處。
48. The graduation rate of first-generation studentsatNijay'suniversitywas incredibly low.
譯文：尼杰所就讀大學(xué)的第一代大學(xué)生畢業(yè)率低得令人難以置信。
定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞graduation rate，Nijay’s和low定位到原文畫線處。
49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first-generation studentswithmoresupport than they actually need.
譯文：像耶魯這樣的頂尖大學(xué)似乎給其第一代大學(xué)生提供了超過他們實際需求的幫助。
定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞Yale和more support定位到原文畫線處。
50. On entering college, Nijay Wiflliams hadnoideahowchallenging college education was.
譯文：尼杰·威廉姆斯剛進入大學(xué)時，并不知道大學(xué)教育會有多大的挑戰(zhàn)。
定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞enteringcollege和Nijay Williams定位到原文畫線處。
51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first generation students.
譯文；很多大學(xué)直接拒絕公布第一代大學(xué)生畢業(yè)率的準(zhǔn)確數(shù)據(jù)。
定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞graduation rates及first—generation students定位到原文畫線處。
52. According to a marketing executive,many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.
譯文：根據(jù)某位市場部高管所說，很多來自低收人家庭的學(xué)生并不知道自己能有機會上一所名校。
定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞marketing executive，students from low—income families和all eliteuniversity定位到原文畫線處。
53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first-generation students' self- confidence.
譯文：一些精英大學(xué)很看重培養(yǎng)第一代大學(xué)生的自信心。
定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞Some elite universities和confidence定位到原文畫線處。
54. I'm First distributes information to helpfirst-generationcollege-goersfind
schools that are most suitable for them.
譯文：我是第一代”傳播信息以幫助第一代大學(xué)生找到最適合他們的學(xué)校。
定位：由題于關(guān)鍵詞I'm First，distributes information和couege—goers定位到原文畫線處。
55. Eliteuniversitiestendtograduate first-generationstudents at a higher rate.
譯文：很多精英大學(xué)第一代大學(xué)生的畢業(yè)率往往很高。
定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞Eliteuniversities和at a higher rate定位到原文畫線處。
56．C.。定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞influential medical groups定位到文章首段的后半部分．．．．that doctors weigh the costs，not just the effectiveness of treatments，as they make decisions about patient care．
詳解：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句指出醫(yī)療集團建議醫(yī)生在決定病人的治療方案時，不僅要考慮療效，還要考慮醫(yī)療成本費用，故答案為C.
點睛：A“反思他們所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任”，在原文并沒有明確提示，可以排除；B“對其治療效果更加注意”，這與原文要表達的意思正好相反，可以排除；D“從削減醫(yī)保的角度重新調(diào)整其操作”，原文雖然提到醫(yī)生要考慮醫(yī)療費用，但并沒有明確提出讓醫(yī)生們直接考慮削減醫(yī)保，可以排除。
57．B。定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞doctors，concerned和in the past定位到文章第二段后半部分．Ifrom beingconcerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent．
詳解：推理判斷題。從定位句及其所在段落可以看出，作者提到一個關(guān)于醫(yī)生角色的關(guān)鍵性的變化，即從單純考慮病人個體轉(zhuǎn)為對醫(yī)療費用的使用施加影響，可見，醫(yī)生過去只考慮治療效果，故答案為B。
點睛： A“具體使用哪種藥品”，過于片面，可以排除；C“行業(yè)的進步”，原文中沒有提及，可以排除；D“患者的信任”，盡管后文提到了醫(yī)生如果一味考慮醫(yī)療成本，極可能會失去患者的信任，但從整體看，醫(yī)生過去首要關(guān)注的還是療效，患者的信任也是基于療效，可以排除。
58．A。定位：根據(jù)題于關(guān)鍵詞new guidelines和lead to定位到文章第三段首句．．．．the new guidelinesbeing developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or evendeciding that a particular treatment--at the end of life．for example--is too expensive．
詳解：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句指出，醫(yī)生會基于價格考慮，從而決定藥品的使用和醫(yī)療方案，這與上一段首句提到的redefine their roles相呼應(yīng)，醫(yī)生從僅僅只考慮療效到在決定中引入費用因素，其角色確實發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，故答案為A。
點睛： B.“過度使用療效較差的藥品”，文中只是提到醫(yī)生會在使用藥品的決策上考慮費用，并沒有說會更多使用療效較差的藥品，可以排除；C.“醫(yī)患之間的矛盾”，第六段雖然提到醫(yī)生考慮經(jīng)濟因素可能引發(fā)患者的不信任，但還沒有上升到醫(yī)患矛盾，故不是新政策的主要后果，可以排除；D.“延長患者的痛苦”，文中沒有提到新的醫(yī)療指導(dǎo)方針會產(chǎn)生這樣的后果，可以排除。
59．D。定位：由題于關(guān)鍵詞risk和providers，financial overseers定位到文章第五段：Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial overseers．和第六段第二句：He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients…
詳解：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段首先提到醫(yī)生作為醫(yī)療服務(wù)提供者和醫(yī)療成本監(jiān)察員，本就存在著潛在矛盾，而在隨后的第六段第二句中又明確指出，這樣會使醫(yī)生失去病人的信任，故答案為D。
點睛： A“他們可能陷入利益矛盾中”，該句說法過于籠統(tǒng)，可以排除；B.“他們可能被迫分散精力”，文章并沒有明確提出醫(yī)生身兼兩種角色時可能會分散精力，可以排除；C.“他們可能不得不使用效力較差的藥品”，本題考查的是醫(yī)生身兼兩種角色的風(fēng)險，對于不同藥物藥力的比較，雖然原文有所提及，但這并不是醫(yī)生們面臨的風(fēng)險，可以排除。
60．C。定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞experts和medical cost analysis定位到文章最后一段：Still，some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing So．“In some ways．”said Dr．Daniel Sulmasy．it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue．’’
詳解：推理判斷題。最后一段首句指出，盡管醫(yī)生兼任醫(yī)藥成本監(jiān)察員的職責(zé)并不合適，但又不得不為之，因為很少有其他群體能做到，而作者更進一步引用丹尼爾·賽爾馬西醫(yī)生的話指出，整個社會沒能成功處理這一問題，故答案為C。
點睛：A“它可能增加醫(yī)生本已沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)”，醫(yī)學(xué)專家并沒有就醫(yī)生的負(fù)擔(dān)輕重進行討論，可以排除；B“它可以幫助整個社會節(jié)省經(jīng)費”，專家們并沒有提到這一點，可以排除；D.“它提升了醫(yī)生的社會責(zé)任意識”，這種說法完全偏離了本文的中心思想，可以排除。
61．A。定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞0bama和economic inequality定位到文章第一段第二句：Inequality isdangerous，he argued，not merely because it doesn’t look good to have a large gap between the richand the poor，but because inequality itseff destroys upward mobility，malting it harder for the poor toescape from poverty．
詳解：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句提到，奧巴馬把不公平稱為“我們這個時代決定性的挑戰(zhàn)”，并指出不公平之所以危險是因為它破壞了社會階層的提升，令貧困者難以擺脫貧困，故答案為A。
點睛：B“它是社會穩(wěn)定的最大威脅”，本文主要探討的是社會階層的提升，而不是社會穩(wěn)定性，可以排除；C“它是收入增長的頭號敵人”，這是對原文的曲解，社會不公平影響的主要是窮人社會經(jīng)濟地位的上升，文章并沒有提到不公平和收入增長的關(guān)系，可以排除；D“它是我們這個時代最惡毒的社會罪行”，原文并沒有從道德角度進行闡述，可以排除。
62．B.。定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞the inequality gap和Scott Winship’s data analysis定位到文章第三段最后一句：Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility，as sociologist Scott W111ship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data．
詳解：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句指出，不公平本身并不是社會流動性的強預(yù)警信號，也就是說不公平不是社會流動性的可靠指標(biāo)，后文還論證并列舉了與社會活動性相關(guān)度較高的若干因素，故答案為B。
點睛： A“它在美國大部分地區(qū)迅速蔓延”，文章只是提到美國社會有貧富差距，但并沒有對發(fā)展趨勢進行任何說明，可以排除；C“它沒有得到正確詮釋”，該項的說法太過籠統(tǒng)，可以排除；D“它完全被忽視了”，文章開頭就高調(diào)地論述奧巴馬對經(jīng)濟不公平現(xiàn)象的觀點，可見，這個問題并沒有被忽視，可以排除。
63．C定位：根據(jù)題干中的地名Atlanta和Salt Lake City定位到文章第五段最后一句：Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City，with high levels of two—parent families and religiosity，are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta，with high levels of racial and economic segregation．
詳解：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句指出，像鹽湖城這樣兼具雙親的虔誠宗教家庭比例較高的社區(qū)，比亞特蘭大那種種族和經(jīng)濟隔離程度高的社區(qū)更能為貧困孩子提供上升機會，可見，它能為貧困孩子提供更多攀登社會階梯的機會，故答案為C。
點睛： A.“將宗教信仰置于政黨政策之上”，文章只提到宗教問題，并沒有說到政黨政策，可以排除；
B.“已經(jīng)縮小了貧富之間的差距”，比較兩個城市時，作者只談到了社會流動性，并沒有提到其內(nèi)部的貧富差距，可以排除；D.“為嚴(yán)重的種族和經(jīng)濟隔離所困”，這種說法與原文相反，種族和經(jīng)濟隔離程度高 的是亞特蘭大，而不是鹽湖城，可以排除。
64．A.。定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞strongly correlated和Rai Chetty定位到文章第五段首句：Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation，community density，the size of a community’s middle class，the quality of schools，community religiosity，and family structure，which he calls the“single strongest correlate of upward mobility．”
詳解：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)定位句可知，在查蒂提到的若干影響社會活動性的因素中，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)是“社會階層提升的唯一強相關(guān)因素”，故答案為A。
點睛：B.“種族平等”，該項沒有被列入查蒂所說的若干因素中，可以排除；C“學(xué)校教育”，查蒂雖然提到這個因素，但它不屬于強相關(guān)因素，可以排除；D“社區(qū)密度”，與選項C一樣，雖然提及，但不屬于強相關(guān)因素，可以排除。
65．D.。定位：根據(jù)題文同序原則，定位至文章最后一段：In other words，communities with high levels of per-capita income growth，high percentages of two-parent families，and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger’s rags to riches story．
詳解：推理判斷題。從定位段中可看出，作者提到如何幫助窮苦孩子提高社會經(jīng)濟地位時，一直都是從社區(qū)層面進行分析的，前文也多次有類似的提示，故答案為D。
點睛：A“加大中產(chǎn)階層的規(guī)模非常重要”，這雖然是作者提到的重要影響因素之一，但不足以集中概括作者的觀點，可以排除；B“擴大城市規(guī)模十分重要”，影響社會流動性的因素中未涉及城市規(guī)模，可以排除；C“我們應(yīng)該努力消除收入不均”，作者在第三段就提出，貧富差距并不像很多公眾人物指出的那樣，對社會流動性有關(guān)鍵性的影響力，可見，文章并沒有集中討論收入不均的問題，可以排除。
In China, parents always try every means to help their children, and even make important decisions for them. They never care what the children really want because they believe that it is good for the children. As a result, children's growth and education tend to surrender to the wills of their parents.
If parents decide to sign up for their children to take an extra class to increase their chances of being admitted to a key school, they will stick to their decision, even if their children are not interested in it.
In the United States, however, parents are likely to respect their children's opinions, and to pay more attention to their opinions in making decisions.
It may be worthy of praise for the Chinese parents to attach great importance to education. However, they should learn how to balance the relationsop between parents and the children from American parents when it comes to education.
1．第一段第一句比較長，一種翻澤方法是將其斷為兩個句子翻譯，以避免句子繁瑣。第一個分句的翻譯難點在于“竭力”，比較簡單的翻譯方法是如同參考譯文那樣，譯為try every means to do sth．；另外，還可以使用較難的表達：endeavour to do sth．。第二個分句相對簡單，翻譯為一個原因狀語從句即可。
2．第二句的翻譯難點在于“屈從于”的翻譯，英語中較為常見的翻譯是yield t0和surrender to。另外就是“往往”的翻譯，參考譯文中的tend to表達一種趨勢，比較常見的more often than not也是一種不錯的表達。
3．第二段為獨句段，句子看起來復(fù)雜，仔細(xì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這句話其實包含了一個條件狀語從句，一個目的狀語從句和一個讓步狀語從句，主句是“他們會堅持自己的決定”。其次是幾個短語的翻譯，“報名參加”用register或sign up for均可；“增加做某事的機會”常譯為increase the chance of doing sth．；“堅持自己的決定”用hold firmly表達比較形象，也可譯為stick to。
4．第三段中，“尊重孩子的意見”和“在決策時更注重他們的意見”是并列順承關(guān)系，用and連接。“更注重”可按照參考譯文那樣譯為pay more attention to，也可以譯為attach more importance to。
5．第四段第一句有兩種翻譯方法，第一種是使用It+be+adj．+for sb．to do sth．結(jié)構(gòu)，it作形式主語，to do sth．充當(dāng)真正的主語。第二種翻譯方法是使用動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，即Chinese parents’attaching great importance to education may be praiseworthy。
6．第四段最后一句是一個復(fù)合句，句子主干是“他們應(yīng)向美國父母學(xué)習(xí)”，“涉及教育時如何平衡父母與子女間的關(guān)系”是“學(xué)習(xí)”的賓語，該賓語結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)由how引出。需要注意的是“涉及”的翻譯，when it comes to…是最為常見的表達方式。“平衡”在此處是一個動詞，翻譯時可像參考譯文那樣使用balance的動詞用法，也可以使用其名詞用法，即keepa balance between…and…。
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